The ebola virus facts suggest that the size of ebola virus vp30 is actually 288 amino acids in length. Ebola virus is the cause of the 202015 ebola virus epidemic outbreak in west africa, which has resulted in at least 27,678 suspected cases and 11,276 confirmed deaths who, 2015. On 27 june 2018, all the people who were exposed to the last confirmed evd casepatient completed their mandatory 21day follow up without developing symptoms. In fact, one antibody protected macaques when it was given up to 5 days after. Ebola virus do not replicate through any kind of cell division. At the center of the virus, a nucleocapsid composed of several types of proteins protects the genome. Structure of ebola virus online microbiology notes. Filovirus, any virus belonging to the family filoviridae. You can view samples of our professional work here. Four of the six known ebolaviruses, including ebov, cause a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and other mammals, known as ebola virus disease evd.
Named after a river in the congowhere it was first found oftenfataldisease in humans andnonhuman primates monkeys,gorillas, and chimpanzees has appeared sporadically sinceits initial recognition in 1976 mortality rate can reach 90%. Ebola virus disease evd is a rare and deadly disease in people and nonhuman primates. Structural and molecular basis for ebola virus neutralization. Pdf ebola virus disease, management, and prevention. We have used cryoelectron microscopy and tomography to visualize ebola virus particles, as well as ebola viruslike. Which is a severe, oftenfatal disease caused by infection with a species of ebola virus. Ebolavirus glycoprotein structure and mechanism of entry. Certain drugs that alter intracellular calcium, particularly in endolysosomes, have been shown to inhibit ebola virus infection. Ebov, is one of six known species within the genus ebolavirus. Ebola virus disease is a serious global health concern given its periodic occurrence, high lethality, and the lack of approved therapeutics. Structure and assembly of the ebola virus nucleocapsid. The ongoing ebola virus disease ebola outbreak in west africa is the largest recorded outbreak in history, and the response to the outbreak involves numerous domestic and international partners. Ebola gp forms trimers, and each monomer contains a transmembrane and extracellular subunit 23,24,25. Developing an incident management system to support ebola.
Ebola disease ebola disease is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. The main ebola surface protein, encoded by the gp gene, mediates entry of the virus into the host cell 1. Between 1975 and 2014, the democratic republic of the congo drc experienced seven outbreaks of ebola virus disease. Analysis of the short and mediumterm costs of the ebola epidemic should spur governments of nonaffected countries to act quickly to put in place preventive measures. The ebola virus virions may vary in terms of their shape and size. It assembles heterogenous, filamentous, enveloped virus particles containing a negativesense, singlestranded rna genome packaged within a helical nucleocapsid nc. Structural dissection of ebola virus and its assembly. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Early supportive care with rehydration, symptomatic treatment improves survival. The ebola virus genome and proteome biosynthesis inc. Ebola virus ebov, formerly designated zaire ebolavirus is one of five known viruses within the genus ebolavirus.
Ebolavirus is internalized into host cells via macropinocytosis in a viral glycoproteindependent manner asuka nanbo, masaki imai. However, the mechanisms of ebov lifecycle in host cells, including viral entry, membrane. Ebola virus are generally approximately 80 nm in diameter, 970 nm long and cylindrical or tubular in shape. Ebola virus symptoms, pictures, structure, facts and history.
Electron cryomicroscopy structure of ebola virus nucleoprotein reveals a mechanism for nucleocapsidlike assembly graphical abstract highlights d determined a 5. The first recorded outbreak of ebola virus disease was in 1976 in whats now the democratic republic of the. Article electron cryomicroscopy structure of ebola virus nucleoprotein reveals a mechanism for nucleocapsidlike assembly zhaoming su,1,8 chao wu,2,8 liuqing shi,3,9 priya luthra,4,9 grigore d. Ebola virus is known to infect animals such as apes, monkeys, and bats in addition to humans, and is considered a zoonotic pathogen. The recent ebola virus outbreak in west africa illustrates the need for both an effective vaccine and therapies to treat infected individuals. The average ebola case fatality rate is around 50%. The ebola virus genome and proteome the ebola virus is a singlestranded, negativesense minigenome rna virus. Mutations of residues within the coiledcoil motif corroborate the structural basis for vp35 oligomerization and highlight its potential as antiviral target.
Tamma,b,1 acenter for membrane and cell physiology, university of virginia, charlottesville, va 22908. The ebola nucleoprotein wraps around the rna, creating a helical complex. The viruses that cause evd are located mainly in subsaharan africa. The ebov glycoprotein gp is the only virally expressed protein on the virion surface and is critical for attachment to host. Aug 15, 2017 ebola haemorrhagic fever causes deadly disease in humans and nonhuman primates resulting from infection with the ebola virus ebov genus of the family filoviridae. Ebola haemorrhagic fever causes deadly disease in humans and nonhuman primates resulting from infection with the ebola virus ebov genus of the family filoviridae. Having discussed the viral structures and components in general, the following section will focus specifically on ebola virus structure, mechanism of entry into human cells, replication and immune system evasion.
Mar, 2012 ebola virus is a highly pathogenic filovirus causing severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates. The structure of ebola virus is actually threadlike in nature as is common for all viruses belonging to the family of filoviridae. Structure of the ebola virus glycoprotein bound to an. The ministry of health and who continue to closely monitor the outbreak of ebola virus disease evd in the democratic republic of the congo. Ebola virus is filamentous, enveloped measuring 800nm length and 80 nm in diameter which have. Replication of ebola virus online microbiology notes. The ebolavirus causes a severe hemorrhagic fever with 5090% lethality for which no vaccines or treatments are yet available. Structure of the ebola virus glycoprotein spike within the. Four of the five known ebolaviruses, including ebov, cause a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and other mammals, known as ebola virus disease evd. The virus at this point called a prophage now can replicate every time the host cell replicates. Gp functions in cellular attachment, endosomal entry, and membrane fusion to initiate infection, and is a key therapeutic target. One strain, the zaire ebola virus is responsible for the recent ebola outbreak in westafrica.
Ebola virus ebola virus is an infectious which kill in a short time. Ebola virus disease evd, or simply ebola, is a viral haemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Ebola virus disease evd news, resources and funding for. Pdf ebola virus was first discovered in 1976,who reports 24 outbreaks,28,633 cases and 11,315 deaths in the recent outbreak. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and then spreads in the human population through humantohuman transmission. Structure of the ebola virus envelope protein mpertm domain.
Ebola virus replicates via both lysogenic and lytic phases. The ebola virus, a severe viral infection with a very high mortality rate is not airborne, but it can. Application of cryoelectron tomography and subtomogram averaging to determine the structure of the ebola virus nucleocapsid within intact viruses and recombinant nucleocapsidlike assemblies. The infection typically affects multiple organs in. A clearly defined chainofcommand and organizational structure, effective resource management, and advanced planning are important aspects of an. Pdf structure of the ebola virus glycoprotein bound to an. The interaction between nucleoprotein subunits, however, is not as rigid as in other viruses such as tobacco mosaic virus, so ebola virus often shows a wavy structure. Pdf structure of the ebola virus glycoprotein bound to. Calcium ions directly interact with the ebola virus fusion. Ebola virus are generally approximately 80 nm in diameter, 970 nm long.
Ebolavirus ebov is a highly virulent pathogen capable of causing a severe hemorrhagic fever with 5090% lethality. We present the structure of the surface ebola virus ebov trimeric glycoprotein gp spike at 11 a resolution, in situ within the viral plasma membrane of purified virus particles. Ebola is not necessarily new and is part of a broader family of viruses. Socioeconomic impact of ebola virus disease in west. Mar 18, 2016 the recent ebola virus outbreak in west africa illustrates the need for both an effective vaccine and therapies to treat infected individuals.
People can get evd through direct contact with an infected animal bat or nonhuman primate or. They are cylindricaltubular, and contain viral envelope, matrix, and nucleocapsid components. The index case in this outbreak has not yet been identified and epidemiologic investigations are ongoing, including laboratory testing. Together these data provide a structural and architectural description of ebola virus and define the roles of viral proteins in its structure and assembly. Ebola zaire can develop clinical disease and can transmit this lethal virus to naive pigs and macaques. However, the mechanisms of ebov lifecycle in host cells, including viral entry, membrane fusion, rnp formation, gptetherin interaction, and vp40inner leaflet association remain poorly understood. A clearly defined chain of command and organizational structure, effective resource management, and advanced planning are important aspects of an. The ebov glycoprotein gp is the only virally expressed protein on the virion surface and is critical for attachment to host cells and catalysis of membrane fusion. Ebola virus is filamentous, enveloped measuring 800nm length and 80 nm in diameter which have negative sense, single stranded rna genome. Of these, two tested positive for ebola virus, zaire ebolavirus species, by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction rtpcr on 7 may 2018, and the outbreak was officially declared on 8 may 2018. Filoviruses have enveloped virions virus particles appearing as variably elongated filaments that are about 80 nm 1 nm 10.
Once a person is infected, they typically suffer from high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and sometimes muscle pain, headaches, and bleeding. Structure of the ebola virus glycoprotein bound to an antibody from a human survivor ebolavirus. Zaire ebolavirus, more commonly known as ebola virus i. May 28, 2016 ebola virus ebola virus is an infectious which kill in a short time. Structure and assembly of the ebola virus nucleocapsid nature. The ebola gp protein resembles the hiv gp protein and influenza hemagglutinin in terms of its structure and function. The virus generally appears in a long, filamentous form, but it can also be ushaped, in the shape of a 6 the shepherds crook appearance, or even circular. We have used cryoelectron microscopy and tomography to visualize ebola virus particles, as well as ebola virus like. People can get evd through direct contact with an infected animal bat or nonhuman primate or a sick or dead person infected with ebola virus. Structure, genome, epidemiology, transmission, replication, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, lab diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control.
The virus generally appears in a long, filamentous form, but it can also be ushaped, in the shape. Tom goddard september 25, 2014 introduction to some chimera visualization and analysis capabilities for proteins and 3d electron microscopy, looking at ebola virus. Apr 11, 2017 we present the structure of the surface ebola virus ebov trimeric glycoprotein gp spike at 11 a resolution, in situ within the viral plasma membrane of purified virus particles. The virus proceeds to integrate itself into the dna of the host cell allowing the viral rna to become part of the host cells genetic material.
Structures of ebola and reston virus vp35 oligomerization. This is not an example of the work produced by our essay writing service. Ebola virus, a rna virus, was discovered in 1976 as zaire ebolavirus and currently is responsible for outbreak in the west africa. Ebola virus disease evd news, resources and funding for global health researchers ebola hemorrhagic fever is an acute viral disease that often leads to severe illness and death in humans and other primates. Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976,who reports 24 outbreaks,28,633 cases and 11,315 deaths in the recent outbreak. Structure of the ebola virus envelope protein mpertm domain and its interaction with the fusion loop explains their fusion activity jinwoo leea,b, david a. Jun 12, 2018 ebola virus are generally approximately 80 nm in diameter, 970 nm long. The ebola virus infection may have started as a disease within nonhuman primates, initially termed as green monkey fever, in order to maintain the fine. The more frequent reemergence of the virus, its high prevalence among wildlife, and ease of importation of the virus make it a.
In this study, scientists analyzed the demographics, including sex and age, of the individuals who had contracted ebola during these outbreaks. Ebola virus ebov entry requires the surface glycoprotein gp to initiate attachment and fusion of viral and host membranes. The 2014 ebola virus disease evd outbreak in west africa is the longest, largest, deadliest. Human tohuman transmission of ebola virus ebov not been reported, the spread is due to direct contact with infected wild animal, fruit bat or contact with blood, body fluids of the infected person. The infection typically affects multiple organs in the body and is often accompanied by hemorrhage. News of an ebola outbreak can easily spread panic and fear. Jan 14, 2020 ebola virus disease evd news, resources and funding for global health researchers ebola hemorrhagic fever is an acute viral disease that often leads to severe illness and death in humans and other primates. Structure of the ebola virus envelope protein mpertm. The mucinliked region of the ebola virus envelope play a significant role in viral infection in nonhuman primates and. Age structure of ebola outbreaks hhmi biointeractive. Here we report the crystal structure of ebov gp in its trimeric, pre. Ebola virus is a highly pathogenic filovirus causing severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates.
1262 1017 112 802 738 477 1058 1558 1591 474 1395 1455 405 207 1398 632 323 300 1164 1624 476 898 547 442 913 648 954 1310 844 1325 3 599 132 669